The Spanish economy, like most of the world’s economies, is in the midst of a recovery from the COVID pandemic that has been abruptly truncated by the ramifications of Russia’s invasion of Ukraine (Torres and Fernández, 2022).
This paper attempts to analyse the impact of the pandemic, specifically its impact on Spain’s business fabric, covering both corporate enterprises (public limited companies and limited liability companies) and individuals (self-employed professionals). The work presented here is based on the most recent data available in the National Statistics Institute´s (INE’s) central companies database, known in its Spanish acronym as DIRCE, which runs through year-end 2020.
This paper represents an update of previous analysis published not long after the onset of the COVID crisis (Xifré, 2021) for which it was not possible to capture, due to a lack of updated DIRCE data, the direct impact on business demographics.
It also provides an update, using post-COVID data, of two previous pieces of analysis that likewise centred on data gleaned from DIRCE (Xifré 2016, 2019) and can be read in conjunction with other papers with more of a policy focus that make proposals for fostering entrepreneurship in Spain (Huerta Arribas, Nogales Cinca, Salas Fumás, 2021).
13/02/2025
The UNESCO Chair researcher Cristina Campos writes about the paper published in the Journal of Cleaner Production on the CICEP Project, which explores the application of the circular economy in the Canary Islands polymer transformation industry.
10/10/2024
The UNESCO Chair in Life Cycle and Climate Change at ESCI-UPF has published a paper on the new nutritional quality model they have developed based on the life cycle assessment to evaluate the environmental performance of protein sources.
03/07/2024
In a new paper published in the Sustainable Production and Consumption journal, researchers from the UNESCO Chair in Life Cycle and Climate Change at ESCI-UPF contribute to calculating the true cost of different protein sources.
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